Women Suffrage Essays - 1512 Words

It was Theodore Roosevelt, who stated that, â€Å"Nobody cares how much you know until they know how much you care†, conveying the idea that with no voice comes no change. In the morning of August 26, 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, which centralized mainly on the enfranchisement of women. Today, they have the legal right to vote, and the ability to speak openly for themselves, but most of all they are now free and equal citizens. However this victorious triumph in American history would not have been achieved without the strong voices of determined women, risking their lives to show the world how much they truly cared. Women suffragists in the 19th century had a strong passion to change their lifestyle, their jobs around the†¦show more content†¦It also used attention-grabbing tactics in order to show that they truly care by going out of their comfort zone. National Women’s Party (NWP’s) contributions to the suffrage movement were most effective due to their drastic approaches such as different forms of campaigning, picketing during wartime, and their maltreatment in jail to their advantage. In order for women to be taken seriously the NWP’s leaders Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, who were the party’s main leaders, produced many creative forms of campaigning for the public. The first idea that they developed was on March 3, 1913, and was an organized parade in Washington D.C, purposely the day before President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration. Washington was filled with visitors due to this occasion so it was a perfect opportunity. The parade consisted of about eight thousand willing women marching onto Pennsylvania Avenue convincing bystanders to take consideration. They wore sashes and banners, one of the banners in the march said, â€Å"WE DEMAND AN AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION ENFRANCHISING WOMEN† (Behring). These demanding banners angered the people, men began to hang outside their windows and come out of their cars to yell at the women which turned into a violent riot. Many women were injured and police officers didn’t both er to protect the women or stop the riot, it looked more like they were enforcing the situation. This caused the superShow MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage And The Suffrage Movement Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesnyone know what the Women’s Suffrage is about? The Women’s Suffrage Movement is about the struggle for women to have equal rights as men such as vote, and run for office.What about the leaders of the suffrage? The most well known women’s rights activists were Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth C. Stanton. Does anyone know what amendment gave women the right to vote? The nineteenth amendment. The nineteenth amendment to the United States forbids any US citizen to be denied the right to vote based onRead MoreThe Fight For Women Suffrage1892 Words   |  8 PagesAbigail Adams’s words were one of the first noted mentions in the United States foreshadowing the beginning of an extensive suppressed battle towards women’s suffrage. The fight for women s uffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voice within the political realm. Women’s suffrage was not a matter of instant success; it endured a prolonged time to achieve. It was not until August 1920, about 14 decades subsequent after Abigail Adam’sRead MoreWomen Suffrage Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesWomen Suffrage Women’s rights in America have always been a major issue throughout history. Women’s rights have been closely linked with human rights throughout . This violation of Women’s rights is apparent in the fight for suffrage in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s . It can be said that the government denying the vote to women is a human right offense because the right to vote is a natural right that comes with citizenship. To deny a certain group based on race, age, or gender isRead MoreWomen And Women s Suffrage1443 Words   |  6 PagesDo you know if you are a feminist, or do you know what a feminist is? Feminism is the belief that men and women are equal, and should have equal rights. According to teens of this generation, feminism means different things. How you decipher this information, however, is privy to you. For thousands of years, many people have believed that women were beneath men, and that men were superior. Recent times, however, have grown to realise that this is a gender biased way of thinking, and haveRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Of Women1783 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough there are more women than men in the U.S.A, they have been subjected to many of the same inequalities as minority groups. They have fought to overcome social, economic and political barriers. In the early 1800’s women were considered second class citizens. They were expected to care for the home and family. Women were not encouraged to obtain a formal education nor purse a career. They could not own property after they were married and were prohibited from voting. Women realized that they wereRead MoreThe Women Suffrage Movement1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe Women Suffrage Movement The right to vote, the right to go to college, the right to own property. Some people take it as a right that they had all along. That is far from the truth. Suffragists fought long and hard for many years to gain women suffrage. Before the suffrage movement began, women did not have the right to vote, child custody rights, property rights, and more (Rynder). The American Women Suffrage Movement was going to change that. People known as suffragists spoke up, and joinedRead MoreSummary : Womens Suffrage 1121 Words   |  5 PagesShay Gupta Mr Schwab World History Honors Womens Suffrage When slavery was abolished, people finally managed to realize one simple thing- its just a pigment in our skin that makes us different. But why couldn t they realize another thing- its just our sex organs that make us different? Until the fairly recent 1920, women and men were held so different they were not even allowed to cast their ballots for the president of the United States. It drove some women, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and SusanRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Of Women981 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s Suffrage In 1848 women decided that they wanted to have a voice. Women from all over the United States became tired of listening and abiding by the rules that men put in place. Many men thought all women were good for was cooking, cleaning, and caring for the children. When the country went to war women were left behind to take care of everything while the men were gone. This was an eye opener for most women, and that is when they came to the conclusion they were good for more. There wasRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Of Women1435 Words   |  6 Pagesphoto to the left you see a group of about ten women standing around a box. The women closest are reaching toward the box to put a slip of paper in it. The women are a mix of races and ages, some are smiling, some are not. The Photo is in black and white and the women appear to be wearing old-fashioned clothing and hairstyles. This photo captures American women voting for the first time after the 19th Amendment was passed on August 26, 1920. Women were always thought of less than man and were expectedRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Of Women948 Words   |  4 Pages Suffragists advocated for women s enfranchisement to not only secure political rights for female, but also for social equality between genders. This is supported by the information that is outlined in the Declaration of Sentiments, which was written during the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. As a matter of fact, this convention initiated and set the notion of women s enfranchisement into motion. In the declaration, pro-suffragist men and women implied that females were not treated equally

Mexican Educational System. - 1224 Words

Mexican Educational System The Mexican Constitution, established in 1917, outlined the necessity for public education, creating a definitive forum for addressing the educational needs of the country at the beginning of the century (Althaus 1). Though the Constitution addressed the issue of education, it did not provide a directive for promoting educational systems, and Mexico has had to address the difficult problem of providing an educational system for hundreds of different indigenous languages and cultures (Improving 1). Though the Mexican governments of the last two decades have attempted to address educational reform, there are a number of difficulties that have presented themselves, including a growing school-aged population and the†¦show more content†¦(USIA 3) The normality s of education as well as the planning, programming, and selecting the content were the responsibility of the Mexican government. The intention and educational decisions made by this central organ were standardized for all the children and were to be equally applied throughout the entire nation. For many years Mexican education was prearranged, synchronized, directed, and supervised by a central educational agency located in Mexico City (Erdmann 136). The management and control of the public as well as private educational sectors did not allow for any individual accommodations; therefore, children who differed from the majority in any way were not offered opportunities in general education settings. Teaching principles and materials were used regardless of the location, population, ethnic and cultural values, and regional particularities. Private schools were allowed to teach another language, only after the principles and mandates imposed byShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mexicos Educational System1622 Words   |  7 PagesMexicos Educational System Imagine flipping hamburgers at your favorite fast food restaurant for a living. Without an education this is a real possibility. With the high demand for jobs and great expenses for survival, a person must have a chance at a good education. A common question is, does education differ around the world? The answer is â€Å"yes!† The Mexican educational system has struggled for many years with giving children a good education. The attitude toward education is, â€Å" Those bornRead MoreThe And Non Proliferation Education1667 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitutes an important measure that can contribute to achieving a world free of nuclear weapons threats. We therefore encourage all States to promote programs instilling the values of peace, disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation in their respective educational and academic spheres and call upon IAEA and donor countries to help in the promotion and implementation of such programs†. As well within OPANAL Mexico pushed forward a resolution that calls on member states to implement the recommendations ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Conafe On Educational Outcomes Of Children1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of CONAFE on Educational Outcomes of Children in Mexico Introduction Education is seen as the gateway to economic well being, making the quality of the education provided a more important issue in need of attention in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth and poverty reduction cannot prevail without an educated and skilled workforce. In developing countries, one additional year of education adds approximately 10 percent to a person’s earnings (A Global Impact on LearningRead MoreSocioeconomic Status And The Career Aspirations Of Australian School Students1279 Words   |  6 PagesSocioeconomic Status in the Education System Funderburg Abigail Mississippi State University â€Æ' Socioeconomic Status in the Education System Multiple research studies have been taken into account to determine the effect socioeconomic status is having on academic achievement of young adults. These studies range from elementary to college level students. These articles are on the subject of socioeconomic status effecting student aspirations, higher educational participation, and parental involvementRead MoreCommunication Gap Between School And Home899 Words   |  4 Pagesyears the educational system has been a shut door of opportunity for Chicanos, Black, Indians and other ethnic and cultural groups like Reynaldo Flores Macias mentions in his article Developing a Bilingual Culturally- Relevant Educational Programs for Chicanos. First of all, Chicanos are almost at the bottom of the educational ladder. He states, â€Å"They are less likely to finish high school, less likely to attend college and less likely to graduate when they get there.† I believe the educational ladderRead MoreMexican American War : Mexico Ess ay1233 Words   |  5 PagesMexico, whose official name is Estados Unidos Mexicanos or United Mexican States is our neighbor to the south, the U. S. and Mexico share 1,989 miles of border territory (â€Å"How Long,† 2015). Mexico is made up of 31 states and one federal district. Prior to the Mexican American War in 1846, New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, Colorado and Utah were also part of the Mexican territory, which was about one third of their territory (â€Å"Mexican-American War,† 2009) The population in Mexico is estimated atRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Education1521 Words   |  7 Pageslanguages, traditions, math, science, and so. However, some human being have not discover how to use this devices properly. Lastly, I would like to show you throughout this research paper about the educational system in Mexico, and show you on the big differences between an American kid and a Mexican kid. I have been blessed with the opportunity to work for a company such Toyota, and it has allow me with the opportunity to ask people whenever I want to get a general view. Last weekend, I decidedRead MoreAnalysis Of Americo Paredes Georege Washington Gomez Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesGeorege Washington Gà ³mez is set in the fictional town of Jonesville, based on his home town of Brownsville, near the United States/Mexico border. Mark Overmyer-Velà ¡zquez examined the setting of the border in his Article: â€Å"Good Neighbors and White Mexicans: Constructing Race and Nation on the Mexico-U.S. Border.† Both are concerned with the discriminatory times surrounding the Great Depression. While fictional, Paredes revealed an accurate depiction of the area in his novel, with aspects that haveRead MoreImmigrants From Latin America s Annexation Of Mexico Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we also walled off prosperity a century-plus back† (Whittemore, para.1). Those who immigrated from Latin America and who settled within the United States are usually perceived in terms of their home nation, (e.g., Cuban Americans or Mexican Americans). Similarly, to European and Asian immigrants who were labeled as Italian Americans, Polish Americans, German Americans and Asian American’s. Currently, the tide of immigrants from Central and South America has increased substantially causingRead MoreThe Impact of Socioeconomic Disadvantage on Education902 Words   |  4 Pagesoverall health of its education scheme and getting rid of a highly politicized panorama should be primary goals to set on the national agenda. It is well known that education sets the foundation for a flourishing society, hence the importance of educational quality in promoting economic growth. In many countries, including Mexico and the United Kingdom, socioeconomic disadvantage have a substantial impact on students’ performances. According to the latest international math and science evaluation

Process flow chart Free Essays

The entire system or process of doing work should be studied before undertaking a thorough investigation of a specific operation in the process. Such an over-all study will ordinarily include an analysis of each step in the manufacturing process or system. Process Analysis Tools ;operation process chart ; Flow process chart Flow diagram OPERATION PROCESS CHART The operation process chart shows the chronological sequence of all operations, inspections, time allowances, and materials used in a manufacturing or business process, from the arrival of raw material to the packaging of the knishes product. We will write a custom essay sample on Process flow chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chart depicts the entrance of all components and subassembly to the main assembly. Two symbols are used in constructing the operation process Chart : an operation and an inspection. FLOW PROCESS CHART The flow process chart is a device for recording a process in a compact manner, as a means of better understanding it and improving it. The chart represents graphically the separate steps or events that occur during the performance of a task or doing a series of actions. The chart usually begins with the raw material entering the factory and follows it through every step. The process chart symbols : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (SAME) has established the five standard symbols are described As follows: Operation An operation occurs when an object is intentionally changed in one or more of its characteristics. An operation represents a major step in the process and usually occurs at a machine or work station. Transportation A transportation occurs when an object is moved from one place to another, except when the movement is an integral part of an operation or and inspection. Inspection An inspection occurs when an object is examined for identification or is compare with a standard as to quantity or quality. Delay A delay occurs when the immediate performance of the next planned action does not take place. Storage A storage occurs when an object is kept under control such that its withdrawal requires authorization. Combined symbols Two symbols may be combined when activities are performed at the same work place or when they are performed concurrently as one activity. Example Represents a combined operation and inspection. The Process chart symbols Types of Flow Process Chart: – Product or Material type – Worker (Man) type Machine type Process chart (Material) for preparation of direct mail Flow process chart (worker) for field inspection of LUG. FLOW DIAGRAM A pictorial representation of the layout of floors and buildings, showing the locations of all activities on the flow process chart, is a flow diagram. The flow diagram is a helpful supplement to the flow process chart because it indicates backtracking and possible traffic congestion areas, and it facilitates developing an idea plant layout. Flow diagram of the old layout of a group of operations on The Grand rifle. Recoding Buffing Wheels with Emery In large factories where heavy polishing and buffing operations are required, it is customary to recoated buffing wheels with emery in the plant, thus keeping a supply of fresh wheels always available. The wheels are made of layers of fabric sewed together, and their average weight is 40 pounds. They vary in diameter from 18 to 24 inches, and width of face from 3 to 5 inches. The circumference or face of wheel is coated with glue and emery dust. The first coat of glue is allowed to set approximately one-half hour before the second coat is applied. The temperature in the room where the wheels are rued is maintained between 80 to 900, and the humidity Is also controlled. Buffing wheel Original Method The circumference of the wheel was coated with glue and then roll by hand through a shallow trough filled with emery dust, thus coating the wheel. After the glue had dried, a second coat of glue and emery dust was applied in a similar manner. The wheels were then hauled to a drying oven. And hung on tracks in the oven until the glue was thoroughly dry. Operator applies glue to circumference of worn wheel by mean of a brush Old method of recreating wheel. Operator rolls glue-covered heel back and forth in trough containing emery dust. Flow Process Chart (original method) Flow diagram of old method of recreating buffing wheels with emery. The following questions might be asked about this Job: ; Why coat the wheels by hand? ; Why handle the wheels so often? ; Could the wheels be coated on the first floor instead of on the second? Improved Method OH special coating machine was built, making it possible to apply the glue and emery to the wheel in one operation with much less time and effort than by the old method. ;Because this machine was located on the first floor teen the storage area and the drying oven, it was unnecessary to move the wheels to the second floor. ;special truck racks were used instead of regular platform trucks, eliminate much unnecessary handling of wheels. Improved Method (continue) ;The coated wheels remained on the truck racks while in the drying oven. How to cite Process flow chart, Essays Process Flow Chart Free Essays The Flow Process Chart In analysing processes, particular actions along the way are often significant, especially if you are looking to eliminate sources of waste (or muda, as the Japanese call it) such as having documents piling up in in-trays or materials being moved from pillar to post. How it works The Flow process Chart is a simple half-text, half-picture method of showing the steps in a process, using symbols to indicate the type of action being taken and text to give details of the action. The chart can selectively be used to show what happens to selected people, materials or equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Flow Chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now [pic] Parts of a Flow Process Chart A particularly useful feature of the chart is that it can be drawn up as the process is happening. Thus you can follow a part around a factory floor, for example, noting how and when it is machined, stored, moved, etc. The table below shows many of the symbols that may be found in Flow Process Charts. |Symbol |Title |Description | |[pic] |Operation |A complex action or process (possibly described elsewhere), often | | | |changing something. |[pic] |Transport |Movement of people or things. May be accompanied by a distance | | | |measurement. | |[pic] |Delay |Idle time of people or machines, or temporary storage of materials. | |[pic] |Storage |Permanent storage of materials or other items. | |[pic] |Inspection |Checking of items to ensure correct quality or quantity. | [pic] |Combined operation |Overlay symbols for actions which combine types. Put the main activity | | | |outside. | |[pic] |Reject |Rejection of item. Parentheses show percentage of items rejected. Line to| | | |right l ead to consequent action. | |[pic] |Differentiated operation|Letter shows type of operation, e. g. C = clerical, | | | |M = machine, etc. |[pic] |State change |Description indicates change in state, for example a liquid cooling into | | | |a solid. | |[pic] |Alternating processes |Down-arrow indicates one of several possible actions. This can show | | | |alternative or simultaneous processes. | How to do it 1. Identify the process to be charted and the objective for charting it. 2. Identify the symbol set to be used. 3. Record the steps of the process as it happens, starting at the top of the page, with symbols on the left overlaying a vertical line with appropriate notes about what is happening to the right. Try to record significant activities which are generally of approximately equal size (unless the problem is at the detail level, do not try to capture too much detail). You can also make the diagram more useful by such tricks as numbering the different action types in sequence (for example so you can see how many times the item under examination was moved) and changing the direction of ovement arrows to show input or output activity. You can also put the time taken in each activity to the left of the symbol. [pic]Using the Flow Process Chart 4. If you are watching the process as it happens, you may want to repeat the analysis several times to ensure you have captured the normal chain of events. 5. Analyse the final chart, for example totalling times taken in non-value-adding activities such as storage, movement and inspection. How to cite Process Flow Chart, Essays

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essay Example For Students

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essay Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Introduction Caffeine is soluble in boiling water and as a result it is easily extracted from tea bags by steeping in hot water. This process leaves behind the water insoluble portions of the tea bag. However, water extracts more than just caffeine, so a final separation is done with an organic solvent that will dissolve primarily caffeine. The organic solvent used in this experiment is Dichloromethane (CH? Cl? ). Dichloromethane is less polar than water and this difference in polarity allows the separation. Extraction of the tea with the Dichloromethane, followed by evaporation of the organic solvent leaves crude caffeine, which on sublimation yields a relatively pure product. Sublimation is the transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the gas phase without undergoing intermediate liquifications. This process is preferred over recrystallization because it is better at removing impurities. Experimental For this extraction experiment two bags of tea were used, which is approximately 4 grams of tea. Water was heated in a small beaker until it began to boil. It was then removed from heat and 2 grams of Na2CO3 was added and dissolved. Finally the loose tea was added to the water and allowed to steep for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes the mixture was put through a suction filtration. A suction funnel was secured on top of the suction flask with the vacuum tubing. No filter paper was used because the tealeaves were very course. Then 400mg of NaCl was added and dissolved. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath. The solution was then transferred into a separatory funnel and was washed 3 times using 5 ml portion of CH2Cl2. CH2Cl2 formed a separate layer on the bottom of the flask and was drained into a 25 ml flask after each wash. Each wash was gently swirled to prevent emulsion. The combined washes were then dried using small portions of Na2SO4 two times to remove any water. A suction flask was weighed and the CH2Cl2 was poured into the flask and the Na2SO4 was left behind. A small sample was taken for comparison with pure caffeine on a TLC plate. Then the suction flask with the CH2Cl2 was placed in a low temperature hot water bath with a boiling stick to boil all the CH2Cl2 away eaving only caffeine. The suction flask was then reweighed to determine the weight of the caffeine extracted. The flask was then covered with parafilm and the sublimation was done one week later. The Sublimation apparatus was assembled consisting of the filtration flask with our caffeine extract in it, with a test tube securely inserted 10-15mm from the bottom of the flask. It was secured with a rubber stopped and parafilm. A pippet bulb was inserted over the arm of the suction flask. The flask was then placed in a sand bath with a temperature between 200-220 degrees Celsius. The test tube was filled with solid ice and water was removed and more ice was added periodically throughout the sublimation process. As the sublimation took place the caffeine extract from the bottom of the flask began to collect as a film on the bottom of the test tube. The process was completed when no more caffeine was left in the flask. The test tube was removed and the collected caffeine was scraped off and weighed. The melting point of the pure caffeine was also measured. Results and Discussion During the extraction experiment 0. 12 grams of impure caffeine extract remained in the suction flask. This value could be lower than expected because during the extraction there was some emulsion in the seperatory funnel during each wash. Some of our extract could have been lost due to this. Also while boiling the CH2Cl2 a tiny amount of the solid extract remained on the boiling stick. On the TLC plate our tea extract traveled almost the same distance as pure caffeine. The Co-spot trav eled the exact same distance as the pure caffeine. The Rf values for caffeine and the Co-spot were 0. 66. The Rf value of the tea extract was 0. 133. The differences in the spots could be due to some impurities in the tea extract and differences in concentration of each spot. After the sublimation 0. 003g of pure caffeine was scraped from the test tube. The melting point range of the pure caffeine was tested and found to be 237-239 degrees Celsius. The actual melting point of caffeine is 238. Conclusion The results of the TLC plate showed that the tea extract was very close to the sample of pure caffeine. .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .postImageUrl , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:hover , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:visited , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:active { border:0!important; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:active , .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u941d8857272c5e1b38b7e5040292024d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek Gods and Goddesses EssayIt was slightly off possibly due to impurities that remained in the tea extract. The caffeine weighed in the flask after the liquid-liquid extracted was 0. 012g, which was different from the weight of the caffeine obtained after the sublimation. This difference was likely due to impurities in the caffeine before being purified by sublimation. The caffeine that was extracted from the sublimation experiment had a melting point of 237-239 degrees Celsius, which is the same as the reported value for caffeine. The sublimation resulted in having a totally pure extract of caffeine. Questions 1. Why is sodium chloride added to the tea solution before extraction with CH? Cl Sodium chloride pulls the water from the organic layer and also helps force the organic compound into the organic layer. 2. Could you have used ethanol instead of CH? Cl? to extract the caffeine? Why or why not? No, because ethanol and water are miscible in one another. They will not separate into distinct layers, so a less polar solvent like CH? Cl? is better at separation and extraction of caffeine from water. . What is the purpose of adding sodium carbonate to the flask in the brewing step? Sodium carbonate is a base and if added a precipitate will form and the solid material can then be removed. 4. At 25 degrees Celsius, 1. 0 g of caffeine will dissolve in 47 mL of water, in 8. 1 mL of chloroform, in 86 mL of benzene, or in 370 mL of diethyl ether. Calculate the solubility (in grams/ 100mL) of caffeine in these four sol vents. Calculate the partition coefficient of caffeine between water and each of the other three solvents. Which of these three organic solvents would be the best choice for extracting caffeine from an aqueous solution? Kd (partition coefficient) = / a) Solubility of caffeine in water= 2. 13 (g/100 mL) b) Solubility of caffeine in chloroform= 12. 33 ( g/100 mL); Kd=5. 88 c) Solubility of caffeine in benzene=1. 2 (g/100 mL); Kd=. 13 d) Solubility of caffeine in diethyl ether=. 28 (g/100 mL); Kd=. 56 Chloroform will be the best choice for extracting caffeine from an aqueous solution.