Brain injiury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Brain injiury - Essay Example Stroke- This one refers to the injury that occurs as a result of a vascular event. Traumatic injury- This refers to the damage that takes place when a force from the outside traumatically causes injury to the brain cells. Acquired injury- This is the last form of injury and it refers to one that takes place after birth not considering if it is traumatic or not. It also regardless to whether it has been caused by external or internal cause. Research shows that the number of people who are suffering from brain injury is high because there are those who live with this situation while there are those who sustain new injuries every year (Ayse, 2013, 25). Brain damage usually affects an individual emotionally, physically and behaviorally. Some of the causes of Brain injury include: Falls Bomb blast or a military attack Violence or a wound as a result of a gunshot. Accidents such as those involving motor vehicles Insufficient oxygen in the body Body inflammation There are various ways to kn ow an individual who is suffering from brain damage because there are some behavioral activities shown by them (Bickley, Hogan-Quigley ans Palm, 2012, 38). Some of the symptoms of brain damage therefore include: Difficult coordination of balance in the body Headaches Blurred vision in both eyes or a single one Changes in patterns of sleep Lack of bladder control Seizures These are some of the physical symptoms shown by individuals who are suffering from brain injury (Wilson, 2008, 56). Apart from these symptoms, there are emotional changes that are also revealed by individuals suffering from this injury. These symptoms include: Confusion Poor concentration Mood swings Communication troubles Attention span that is limited Changes in personality These are among many emotional changes that are seen in individuals who are suffering from brain damage. This project seeks to show how individuals suffering from brain injury are taken care of. In this case, the project will look at how a pat ient suffering from traumatic brain injury was taken care of and how he was provided with all the things necessary to help him get better with his situation. There are many things that have to be taken into consideration when taking care of a traumatic brain injury patient (Karlsson, 2013, 323). Traumatic Brain injury abbreviated as TBI is a health problem which is known to be a major one in the public. It is known to affects male adolescents and young adults who are in the age gap of 15 and 24. It is also a common health problem among the elderly people who are of 75 years and above. Young children who are below the age of 5 are also at a risk of suffering from this health problem. Having in mind that this patient was suffering from a traumatic brain injury, it is clear that it was an external cause that led to this damage. The level of this injury was mild because this patient was not able to experience he was suffering from this after some time. This gives a clear impression that the hit was not hard in that the patients was not able to realize that he was suffering from brain damage. While having a talk with the patient, we realized that these are some of the symptoms he had. Ringing in the eras, dizziness, bad taste in the mouth, confusion, headache and change in sleeping patterns (Vries, 2013, 38). These are actually some of the sympt

Group Working Skills Essay Example for Free

Group Working Skills Essay As it’s saying Two Heads Are Better Then One, what if there were more than two, people prefer working with their friends, or others in a group to achieve their goals easier, but nowadays even studies require a group work, and sometimes the member of it will be chosen randomly, so they would probably face so many problems that would affect achieving their goals, those problems can be developed with some strategies and dynamic that I’m going to provide and analyse it with an example. In my Business foundation year I have been required to work in a group to do a Business Plan that represent 40% from the final grade, the group was chosen randomly, I faced some problems during the work that affected our group working, the main ones are related to Organisation or structure the group more specifically on NORMs, and COHESIVENESS. Payne,E. and Whittaker,L (2000) argued that GROUP DYNAMIC is the name given to the way that a group deals with factors that affect it from within itself; there is some aspects to a group that can be identified such as, Norms, Goals, Roles, Size, Cohesiveness, and Structure of it. The aim of this essay is to discuss an example of my previous group work, and analyse it according to group dynamic concepts. As I mentioned being in a group required to do Business Plan, the group goal was to present a new idea of a product in the UK, and explain how to set it up, and count the expenses and market it as we learned, however it was important to us because the work was 40% value from the final mark. In the group there were 6 members, so the group was required to do a final presentation of the business plan, and we also was required to meet twice a week. First we faced Two main problems, this work was require some creativity and different ideas, and some of the members were too quiet and they don’t like to share their ideas with other members on the group specially in marketing the product part, so we had some problem in Organisation and Structure, mostly in structure which Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:60) defend it as â€Å"some type of a group structure will arise spontaneously because most student feel more comfortable given a framework within which to work. † Also Payne,E. nd Whittaker,L (2000) argued that whether if the members of the group consciously aware of some certain problems of structures aspect happens to some members of group or not, but the other will be influenced from their patterns behaviour, and in all groups this kind of behaviour are mainly unwritten, and majority of patterns accept it without realising it, these behaviour called Norms. To avoid such a problem and develop the work, according to Pyne, Whittaker,(2000,p:62) argued that â€Å"Norms always develop in groups and will control or inhibit the behaviour of individual members in a particular set of circumstance. In solving this kind of problems Payne,L. and Whittker,L(2000) belive that there are ways in norms to develop the work and group may come with a particular develop norm to encourage everyone to work and perform high quality of work, and norms always there exist even if the group was not aware of it. In solving and avoid this particular problem happened, in group is good to have Coordinator For example, Coordinator will join members ideas and suggestion together and coordinate the activities. Other problem that we faced was, because half of the member were holding same nationality, the other members find it difficult to deal with them or even to get knowing them more, because they were always together and prefer to speak in their own language, so the group faced a problem with COHESIVENESS, as it argued is a good dynamic to develop a group, Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:65) â€Å"Cohesiveness is generally used to refer to the degree to which members desire to stay in the group and express agreement with the group goals†. But there was also some disadvantages of Cohesiveness that related to the problems that we faced, Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:66) argued that â€Å"Too much similarity of the behaviour of group members leading to increased cohesiveness, can actually be detrimental to performance†. So Developmental Stages of group provide stages that would help solving Cohesiveness disadvantage mentioned above, which is in stage one GETTING TO KNOE YOU, Payne, Whittaker,(2000P:67) argued â€Å"Group member will attempt to discover which behaviour are acceptable and unacceptable. This is a period of getting to know each other, deciding on goals to pursue, and getting organised. † To conclude, I believe that working in group require so many dynamic that helps the members in achieving the group goal easier, while doing so each member will face less problems in working. As it mentioned in the essay about two dynamic that will develop the group unity was setting up some norms that will help and encourage other member to produce high quality of work, and the first stage in developmental stages of groups, which was Getting To Know You stages that argued how to accept and unaccepted members behaviour and decide the goals to peruse. On other hand each group must be aware of problem facing to avoid such problems affecting in their goal achievement.

Primary and Early Dentition Treatment

Primary and Early Dentition Treatment The function of primary dentition is to provide mastication, as well as to maintain the occlusion, and to maintain space for permanent teeth eruption. The primary teeth exfoliation and permanent successors eruption is a physiological process (Rao and Sarkar, 1999). In recent decades even after the advanced dental care that increased with intact dentition, early loss of primary teeth still remain a major concern (Bach and Manton, 2014). Early loss of primary teeth result majorly from dental caries. Other causes include trauma, infection, ectopic eruption, arch length deficiencies leading to resorption of primary teeth and congenital disorders (Brothwell, 1997).   Consequences of early loss of primary teeth includes unwanted tooth migrations of primary or permanent teeth with associated loss of arch length. Deficiency in arch length can lead to malocclusion with crowding, rotations, ectopic eruption, unfavourable molar relationship, overbite, overjet, and cross bite (Brothwell, 1997) . The problems accompanying with early loss of primary teeth have been a subject of concern in many studies. Early loss of teeth in the primary dentition has different impacts depending on which teeth are lost, childs age, existing alignment and occlusion (Rock and British Society of Paediatric, 2002). Potential consequences must be considered during the clinical examination and treatment planning to determine whether space maintenance is required and what type of space maintainer would be most appropriate (Ngan et al., 1999) Early loss of a primary incisor has little effect upon  the permanent dentition although it does detract  from appearance. Early loss of primary canines or molars is more  serious since space loss may follow. In each quadrant  the primary canine and molars together are larger than  the succeeding permanent canine and premolars, the  difference in tooth sizes between the two dentitions  being the Leeway space [10]. This can be assessed  with reasonable accuracy by the size difference  between first and second primary molars, since the  primary first molar is equal in size to the premolar  that will replace it, while the primary second molar is  much larger than the second premolar. For this reason  the Leeway space is also known as the E space.   Extraction of a primary canine or molar may  cause mesial drift of teeth behind the space and  distal drift of anterior teeth, with resultant displace-  ment of permanent teeth and centreline disturbance.   Early loss of a primary incisor has little effect upon  the permanent dentition although it does detract  from appearance. Early loss of primary canines or molars is more  serious since space loss may follow. In each quadrant  the primary canine and molars together are larger than  the succeeding permanent canine and premolars, the  difference in tooth sizes between the two dentitions  being the Leeway space [10]. This can be assessed with reasonable accuracy by the size difference between first and second primary molars, since the primary first molar is equal in size to the premolar  that will replace it, while the primary second molar is  much larger than the second premolar. For this reason  the Leeway space is also known as the E space.  Extraction of a primary canine or molar may  cause mesial drift of teeth behind the space and  distal drift of anterior teeth, with resultant displacement of permanent teeth and centreline disturbance. Early loss of a primary incisor has little effect upon  the permanent dentition although it does detract  from appearance.   Early loss of primary canines or molars is more  serious since space loss may follow. In each quadrant  the primary canine and molars together are larger than  the succeeding permanent canine and premolars, the  difference in tooth sizes between the two dentitions  being the Leeway space [10]. This can be assessed  with reasonable accuracy by the size difference  between first and second primary molars, since the  primary first molar is equal in size to the premolar  that will replace it, while the primary second molar is much larger than the second premolar. For this reason  the Leeway space is also known as the E space. Extraction of a primary canine or molar may  cause mesial drift of teeth behind the space and  distal drift of anterior teeth, with resultant displacement of permanent teeth and centreline disturbance. Impact of early loss of primary molars: Primary second molar is most often prone to get caries and results in early loss. Early loss of primary second molars can   lead to decrease in arch length prominently in maxilla than in mandible (Ngan et al., 1999). The loss of second primary molar lead to mesial migration of adjacent first permanent molar, loss of space for second premolar eruption and early eruption of second permanent molar. The decrease in arch length is more severe when primary second molar loss occurs prior to eruption of first permanent molar as second primary molar serve as a guide for erupting first permanent molar (Ngan et al., 1999). However no substantial change in midline coincidence (Rock and British Society of Paediatric, 2002). Henceforth, it is generally agreed that reduction in space after early loss of primary second molar is more significant than primary first molars and require space maintenance (Ngan et al., 1999). A long term study conducted in Canada to investigate the effects of early loss of primary molars in 107 children over six years of age, 66% of these children had early loss of primary molars majorly because of caries. These children were followed for approximately six years with yearly assessment   for space loss. This study reported that loss of space was more when second molar was lost early and its effect is more in maxilla than in mandible, and had detrimental effect on molar relationship.   When first and second molars are lost, the arch length was significantly effected in maxilla than mandible. The space loss was mainly due to the drifting of first permanent molar while canine distal migration was significant until 9 years in mandible and 8-11 years in maxilla. Relatively more space was lost in first year following the extraction with rate of space loss age related in maxilla but not in mandible (Northway et al., 1984). Macena et al., 2011, conducted a study to evaluate the space changes after premature loss of deciduous molars among 55 Brazilian children of age between 6 and 9 years and followed for 10 months. This study reported that early loss of second primary molar lead to significant changes in the space left in both arches. The major decrease in space occurred in the first 3 months after the extraction of the deciduous molars. The decrease in space after second primary molar occurred majorly because of mesial movement of first permanent molar and which may lead to impaction of permanent second premolar or future crowding. They suggested that a space maintainer is needed in such cases especially when it occurs in children with malocclusion and crowding (Macena et al., 2011). Recently a study conducted to determine the space loss after early loss of second primary molar before eruption of permanent molar and after eruption of permanent molar in 87 children and followed for 48 months. They reported that significant space loss occurred in the first six month (P

The Killing Game Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The killing game† Before reading â€Å"The killing game† by Joy Williams, I considered myself a â€Å"non-hunter†. However, after reading â€Å"The killing game†, I had mixed feelings of how I felt about hunting. I think Williams unjustly stereotyped all hunters as being â€Å"immoral† without consideration for another point of view. I decided to look equally at both sides of this issue to determine which side, â€Å"non-hunter† or â€Å"anti-hunter†, I would support. I interviewed my friend, Dona Mayo, about hunting. I believed that she would know about hunting since she had hunted in the past and her father is an active hunter. She considers herself to be a â€Å"non-hunter† now but does support the rights of a limited amount of hunting for appropriate reasons. Her family always takes home and eats all the animals they kill. Any left over meat is donated to church or given to other families. Every edible part of the animal is eaten. The head is kept as a trophy if it has a good rack. They prefer to hunt deer, turkey and squirrel. At one point, in 1985 lots of people were laid off from work. They had to rely on hunting to supply them with meat when they could no longer afford to buy any. She did have a friend of hers that was involved in a hunting related accident. His name was Chris, when he was thirteen he had accidentally shot and killed his father by laying a gun that had a bullet lodged in the rifle while climbing a fence. It is illegal to hunt in state parks in Mississippi. Taxpayers pay extra for l...

The benefits of a well designed flat tax

In an effort to salvage our economic system, the earned income revenue enhancement rate for all U.S. taxpayers will be 18 % . A good designed level revenue enhancement would non merely cut down conformity and administrative costs but it would besides heighten productiveness and work inducements. In altering the revenue enhancement rate to an 18 % revenue enhancement payment program, it sets a standard payment rate for everyone alternatively of multiple revenue enhancement brackets and has the possible to cut down our state ‘s debt. The current U.S. revenue enhancement system consists chiefly of revenue enhancements on income, paysheet, gross revenues and belongings. Harmonizing to Clemson University ‘s Holley Ulbrich, in 2007, these revenue enhancements provided 92 per centum of federal income and 51 per centum of province and local authorities income ( Ulbrich 2 ) . Therefore, since income revenue enhancement is a important beginning of funding national, province and loc al exchequers, how it is collected is really of import. For intents of discoursing this amendment, the federal income revenue enhancement is the chief issue being discussed. State and local issues may be used as illustrations, but non in a manner that has impact on the level revenue enhancement being proposed. The proposed level revenue enhancement rate for all taxpayers will hold a positive impact on the economic system by increasing the figure of revenue enhancement returns filed, the lower costs of treating them, will promote investing and concern chances, and will increase the overall income to the authorities from higher Numberss of revenue enhancement returns being filed. Implementing a level revenue enhancement would cut down conformity and administrative costs for the authorities. Since the IRS employs over 100,000 people to treat revenue enhancement returns, simplifying the filing procedure would cut down the demand for the figure of workers to treat revenue enhancement payments and returns, which would salvage the authorities money ( Pascale ) . The current system today allows the IRS to roll up a higher per centum of net incomes as people ‘s income additions, while others pay small or no revenue enhancement at all. If everyone had to pay the same sum of revenue enhancements, the procedure of filing revenue enhancements would be easier, hence more people would register and there would be lower costs for the IRS to implement revenue enhancement filings. Harmonizing to Daniel Mitchell, holding a level revenue enhancement simplifies the procedure, makes things just and is good for growing ( 1 ) . Simplifying the revenue enhancement construction would ensue in more accurate and completed returns being filed, which would take down the costs of roll uping revenue enhancements from people who do n't register revenue enhancement returns, therefore salvaging the IRS money. Since there are so many tax write-offs available under the current revenue enhancement construction, there are many people who file revenue enhancement returns but pay minimum federal income revenue enhancement. In add-on to the hapless, this applies to middle category and affluent people, excessively ( Bartlett 2 ) . Peoples who earn more money are able to pass more money, so, under the current system, things like purchasing places, charity contributions and stock investings can cut down the sum of revenue enhancement people pay. By change overing to a Flat Tax system, the lowest income earners in the United States would non be capable to income revenue enhancement, but the in-between category and wealthy would non be able to subtract their revenue enhanceme nts for their places, which could go really expensive for them. Since the existent proposed level revenue enhancement collected ( 18 % ) would be well lower than their current revenue enhancement bracket ( 28 % -32 % , for illustration ) , even losing out on some tax write-offs may non hold much impact on overall revenue enhancements being paid by householders and the wealthy. Mitchell estimates that approximately 97 % of revenue enhancement returns paid would e the same or less compared to the current system. Simplifying the revenue enhancement construction should ensue in better conformity, more accurate returns being filed, and lower administrative costs, ensuing in an overall higher revenue enhancement gross base for the authorities. Adopting a level revenue enhancement for earned income would besides heighten productiveness and investing inducements for persons and concerns. By shuting loopholes and take downing rates, the efficiency of the revenue enhancement codification could increase and make more inducements for people to put With the current revenue enhancement system, some people do n't desire to put because they ‘d be paying excessively much in revenue enhancements investings if their investings earned excessively much money. By following the level revenue enhancement, investors would hold more inducements to get down and turn concerns, every bit good as brand other investings ( Mitchell 2 ) . With a level revenue enhancement system, people will cognize the sum of revenue enhancements they owe easy and can put and salvage money more efficaciously. The level revenue enhancement encourages people to put more freely without being penalized for gaining excessively much on their investings and therefore paying higher revenue enhancements. Converting to the level revenue enhancement system could ensue in America going a magnet for investings and new occupations. Another benefit of the level revenue enhancement would be the possible to cut down the U.S. National debt. Studies show that about 5-15 % of Americans do non pay their revenue enhancements because the revenue enhancement returns are excessively hard and excessively clip devouring to fix. With this new system, revenue enhancements become easier to finish and take less clip. Converting to a level revenue enhancement would merely necessitate two postcard-sized signifiers: one for labour income and the other for concern and capital income, which is dramatically simpler than the 893 revenue enhancement signifiers presently in usage. Since the complexness of the filing procedure would be reduced, fewer people would register extensions or avoid registering wholly. This should ensue in more people registering returns and with the simpler signifiers, the processing costs should be lower, excessively. The overall impact of more people registering revenue enhancements, coupled with decreased co sts in treating the returns, should be a dramatic addition of income for the authorities, which would let the U.S. to cut down its debt, as good. The acceptance of a level revenue enhancement is a alteration to the variable revenue enhancement construction. The beginning of income revenue enhancement on persons is by and large cited as the transition of the 16th Amendment. It was passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified February 3, 1913. Throughout history, revenue enhancements were enacted as a agency to hold the wealthiest people pay for the good of everyone else ( Pascale 1 ) . The level revenue enhancement would hold more people paying equal proportions of revenue enhancement, instead than holding the wealthiest people pay the most revenue enhancements. Other states have had success implementing a level revenue enhancement plan. The first state to follow a level revenue enhancement was Estonia in 1994, merely after the prostration of the Soviet Union. The other two states that enacted a level revenue enhancement were Latvia and Lithuania. For these states, the economic growing showed important betterment and the â €Å" Baltic Tigers † became function theoretical accounts for the part ( Mitchell 5 ) . Russia besides adopted a level revenue enhancement rate in 2001, which rapidly had positive consequences: the economic system prospered, and grosss poured into the authorities. Several other former Soviet states have followed suit and hold had good consequences. As Ahrens points out 24 states now employ a level revenue enhancement but, to be just, none of them has an economic system every bit complex as the United States. At the province degree, a new survey shows that most citizens of Utah are paying less under the province ‘s 5 per centum level revenue enhancement than they did under the old revenue enhancement system ( Bernick 1 ) . While this is non a federal income revenue enhancement illustration, it merely shows that the level revenue enhancement can profit people at the province degree. Still, the statement is that rich people are paying less revenue enhancement than they had been ( at the 7 % rate ) and that they are acquiring large revenue enhancement cuts under the new system at 5 per centum. The issue with the current revenue enhancement codification is that there are infinite loopholes and freedoms that normally end up profiting those who are in higher revenue enhancement brackets.A With this new system there are no loopholes and no one gets more benefit from it than anyone else.A The level revenue enhancement construction will besides assist people cut down the complication of fixing their revenue enhancement returns.A The end is to do revenue enhancement readyings so easy that people file their returns on a postcard.A The level revenue enhancement would profit the lower income households because families would have a generous freedom based on the household ‘s size.A A household off our would non pay any income revenue enhancement until its one-year household income exceeded $ 30,000 ( Mitchell 2 ) .A Since the lower income households would fundamentally pay no revenue enhancements, the load displacements to middle category and affluent people.A In world, this is no different than how revenue enhancements have been collected throughout history – the people who can pay supply for the people who can non.A Congressman Mike Pence said a level revenue enhancement could be a â€Å" major spot of revenue enhancement alleviation: for most Americans ( Terkel 2 ) .A The level revenue enhancement would non hold unvarying benefits, but due to its simpleness, it should hold minimum negative impact on current taxpayers.AThere are several expostulations to the proposed level tax.A As Bartlett states the benefits to single taxpayers would be comparatively little – the wealthy would profit is proportionally while many in the in-between category would profit merely modestly or would even pay more taxes.A Clemson University economic science professor Holley Ulbrich besides points out † aˆÂ ¦a level revenue enhancement would switch revenue enhancement duties from the rich to the hapless, and particularly the in-between category, and e xtinguish desirable revenue enhancement inducements for retirement nest eggs, place ownership and charitable parts † ( Ahrens 2 ) .A â€Å" Further, in her ain article, Ulbrich points out that the attractive force of simpleness fells a large alteration in the distribution of revenue enhancements among the hapless, the in-between category, and the rich † ( Ulbrich1 ) .A The ground that it has been hard to implement a level revenue enhancement is because it ‘s difficult to happen a revenue enhancement rate that to the full satisfies everyone – neither raising nor take downing the overall revenue enhancement load ( Bartlett 1 ) .A Harmonizing to Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic Policy Research, there seems to be no grounds that a level revenue enhancement will ensue n growing or solves any current economic jobs ( Turkel 2 ) .A Those who oppose the level revenue enhancement feel that it will be a immense load to the in-between category and tha t it will non work out any of our current economic loads.AThe U.S. authorities has many concerns with respect to roll uping revenue.A Restructuring the income revenue enhancement aggregation method to a level revenue enhancement has many advantages.A It potentially reduces the load of revenue enhancement return readying for Americans and lowers the administrative costs of treating returns by the IRS.A By doing the earned revenue enhancement rate for everyone in America 18 % and distilling the revenue enhancement returns onto postcard-sized signifiers, the procedure of revenue enhancement readying, aggregation, processing and enforcement are dramatically streamlined.A The simplified construction should increase the sum of revenue enhancements collected, cut down administrative costs, and supply better inducements for concern and investings, ensuing in a important addition of gross for the United States authorities.

Managerial Accounting Notes

Accounting chapter 7 managerial accounting Exercises Lambert Fabrication, Inc. , uses activity-based costing data for internal decisions. The company has the following four activity cost pools: Activity Cost PoolAnnual Activity Producing units5,000 machine-hours Processing orders1,000 orders Customer support200 customers OtherNot applicable The â€Å"Other† activity cost pool consists of the costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs. The company traces the costs of direct materials and direct labor to jobs (i. . , orders). Overhead costs—both manufacturing and non-manufacturing—are allocated to jobs using the activity-based costing system. These overhead costs are listed below: Indirect factory wages$100,000 Other manufacturing overheadS200,000 Selling and administrative expense$400,000 To develop the company's activity-based costing system, employees were asked how they distributed their time and resources across the four activity cost pools. The results of those interviews appear below: Results of Interviews of EmployeesDistribution of Resource Consumption Across Activities Producing Processing Customer UnitsOrdersSupportOtherTotals Indirect factory wages40%30%10%20%100% Other manufacturing overhead30%10%0%60%100% Selling and administrative expense0%25%40%35%100% a. Using the results of the interviews, carry out the first-stage allocation of costs to the activity cost pools. Producing Processing Customer UnitsOrdersSupportOtherTotals Indirect factory wages $ S S $ SOther manufacturing overhead Selling and administrative expense.. Total overhead cost $$ $___ ___ $ $__ ____ Chapter 7 b. Using the results of the first-stage allocation, compute the activity rates for each of the activity cost pools. (Activity rates are not computed for the â€Å"Other† activity cost pool because these costs will not be allocated to products or customers. ) Computation of Activity RatesActivity Cost Pools Total CostTotal ActivityActivity Rate Producing units $ machine-hours $ per machine-hour Processing orders $ orders $ per order Customer support $ customers $per customer c. Data concerning one of the company's products are listed below: Product W562 Selling price$100 Annual sales (units)1,000 Direct materials per unit$24 Direct labor per unit$6 Machine-hours per unit1. 5 Orders processed80 Using the activity rates you derived in part (b) above and the above data, compute the total amount of over ¬head cost that would be allocated to product W562.Overhead Cost of Product W562 Activity Cost PoolsActivity RateActivityABC Cost Producing units$per machine-hourmachine-hours$ Processing orders$per orderorders Customer support$per customerNot applicable Total $__________ d. Using the data developed above for product W562, complete the following report. Product Margin—Product W562 Sales$ Costs: Direct materials$ Direct labor Producing units Processing orders ________ Product margin $_______________

Ribena Issues Mismanaged

Ribena Issues Mismanaged Introduction In 2008, GlaxoSmithKline [GSK], which is a well-established global pharmaceutical company, was entangled in a major legal tussle that arose from the ineffective application of strategic management practices. The legal situation involved two 14-year old schoolchildren from New Zealand who challenged the organisation’s marketing campaign.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ribena Issues Mismanaged specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its advertising, GSK claimed that Ribena Drink, which is one of its products, was enriched with vitamin C. In an effort to ascertain the truth of the firm’s claims, the two girls undertook extensive tests. The results showed that the organisation’s advert was a hoax that aimed at marketing the product to the target customers. The girls raised the issue to GSK through writing, but the organisation did not respond. This aspect prompted the girls to raise th eir concerns via a local media house, which broadcasted the issue through a local television consumer affairs program. The broadcast house raised the issue to the New Zealand Government Commerce Commission, which took GSK to court. Subsequently, the organisation was fined for misleading the public. In addition, the company was ordered to correct the misrepresentation by placing a new advert in major print media [newspaper] in New Zealand. Jaques (2008, p.394) affirms that the action by the two complainants ‘triggered a sequence of events, which led to prosecution, public opprobrium, and international damage to an iconic brand’. This paper entails a case study on the Ribena issue at GSK. The case study evaluates the strategic issues that GSK’s management team should have considered in order to avoid the legal and reputational effect. Secondly, the paper identifies and discusses the possible barriers that might be encountered in addressing the legal and reputationa l impacts. The final part involves an evaluation of the implications of the suggestions identified in organisational and management practices from the risk management perspective. Analysis The situation encountered at GSK was mainly due to poor management practices. Additionally, the management team did not appreciate the magnitude of the issue on the organisation’s corporate reputation. According to Page and Fearn (2005), corporate reputation is an indispensable element in organisations’ pursuit for excellence.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Page and Fearn (2005) further accentuate that the consumers’ perception influences an organisation’s performance. Consumers have noticeably become more concerned with organisation’s behaviour in making decisions on store and product loyalty. This aspect underscores the existence of a st rong correlation between organisational behaviour and consumer behaviour. Since its inception, GSK has managed to penetrate the global market largely due to the extensive investment in product diversification. Consequently, the firm has gained remarkable global reputation. Additionally, GSK global success has also been enhanced by investment in extensive marketing. The firm did not recognise the effect of ignoring the customers’ complaints on brand preference. Hur, Kim, and Woo (2014, p.76) emphasise that achieving ‘brand preference and stimulating demand are particularly challenging for a company with no reputation in a given product category’. Moreover, organisations that do not have sufficient reputation experience challenges in developing credibility for their products. Managing corporate reputation leads to the development of positive moral capital, which protects an organisation from negative encountering negative stakeholder evaluation. GSK should have con sidered a number of issues in order to avoid the legal and reputational situation that occurred. Some of the issues that the firm should have considered are evaluated and discussed herein. Ethical advertising Despite the fact that GSK intended the marketing campaign to be persuasive, the firm failed to adopt effective practices that would have contributed to the attainment of the desired outcomes. Reast, Palihawadana, and Shabbir (2008) affirm that persuasive advertising is focused on establishing a strong bond, hence fostering long-term purchase intention. The organisation’s marketing department should have ensured that it integrates ethical advertising practices (Biegler 2013). In a bid to achieve this goal, the organisation’s management team should have adhered to the stipulated legal and regulatory standards with reference to advertising.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ribena Issues Mismanaged specifically for you for only $16.05 $ 11/page Learn More Countries such as the US have established a Federal Trade Commission, which is charged with the responsibility of regulating advertising practices (Synder 2011). In the event that there are no clear ethical standards for advertising, GSK should have advocated truthful advertising practices. On the contrary, the firm exaggerated the claim that one of the ingredients used in making Ribena included Vitamin C. Thus, the advert was deceptive. Trehan and Trehan (2011) argue that a customer has the right to sue organisations based on deceptive advert. Cramphorn (2014) is of the opinion that developing brand identity depends on the effectiveness with which an organisation nurtures a strong and positive emotional bond. However, ineffective advertising can hinder the development of such strong bond (Trehan Trehan 2011). In a bid to achieve this goal, the organisation should have avoided misrepresenting or omitting material facts on product characteristics i n the marketing communication process. Product characteristic constitutes a critical element in the consumers’ decision-making process. Perry, Cox, and Cox (2013) corroborate that consumers seek product information in order to make a purchase decision that is aligned with their product taste, preferences, and values. By misleading customers to purchase the product through the advert, GSK influenced adversely the consumers’ right to purchase. Koslow (2000, p.248) supports the theory of consumer right by asserting that consumers ‘learn about who, what, where, when, and how to buy through advertising’.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This aspect underscores the fact that organisations should value advertising as a critical element in facilitating the consumers’ right to choose. GSK denied the target consumers the right to choose. This move led to the development of a negative reaction amongst the consumers. The advertising process was based on different interests, which entailed influencing the consumers to make a purchase decision. GSK should have avoided incorporating misleading facts in the advert. Conversely, the firm’s marketing manager should have ensured a high level of honesty in its full disclosure on product characteristics. This element would have improved the consumers’ ability to make a decision from an informed position. Moreover, adopting this approach would have minimised the negative reaction significantly from consumers. The capacity to influence the consumers positively would have originated from the development of positive perception on the organisation’s approach towards truthfulness in its marketing communication (Gurhan-Canli Batra 2004). Thus, the firm would have succeeded in protecting its reputation. Customer Relationship Management Organisations should not be concerned with profit maximisation only. On the contrary, they should focus on fulfilling the customers’ needs (Bang, Sooyen Lyndon 2014). This case shows that the advertising process was skewed towards generating sales revenue rather than educating customers on the products. GSK should have appreciated the importance of integrating the concept of customer relationship management [CRM]. The firm’s management team should have perceived customers as an essential asset in maximising sales revenue. Leticia, Rodolfo, and Ana (2011) cite customers as a fundamental element in achieving corporate success. The concept of CRM would have enabled the firm to establish a cohesive relationship with its customers (Senn, Thoma Yip 2013). One of the issues that the organisation sh ould have taken into account in its pursuit for CRM entails complaint management. Despite the fact that organisations are concerned with delivering value to customers, the probability of errors occurring, hence hindering the delivery of the intended value cannot be ruled out. Customers may raise product complaints, which the firm must address adequately. Ang and Buttle (2012, p.1021) accentuate that customer ‘complaints are a fact of organisational life’. Past studies show that customers switch service providers due to diverse reasons. Some of the major reasons include the products’ failure to deliver the desired value and unfavourable service encounters from core organisational personnel. In the event that customers do not receive adequate treatment from key organisational personnel such as the top management, they react by voicing their concerns to third parties (Malhotra, Agarwal Ndubisi 2010). This aspect mirrors the situation encountered at GSK. Integrating optimal complaint management minimises the likelihood of customers terminating their relationship with other organisations. Knox and Oest (2014, p.42) affirm that customer complaints ‘are important non-transactional events because they represent a critical turning point in the company’s relationship with its customers’. Organisations can entrench a high level of customer loyalty through effective complaints handling. Ang and Buttle (2012) support this argument by affirming that excellent handling of complaints is critical to pre-empting the occurrence of an undesirable outcome. In order to manage customer complaints successfully, GSK should have integrated the concept of data warehousing using the effective customer relationship-management software. The software would have played a fundamental role in collecting and storing diverse customer complaints and complements. This move would have ensured that that the complaints raised by customers are understood and ma naged easily. In its quest to develop a better understanding of the customers’ complaints, it is imperative for the organisation to appreciate the contribution of social media in developing a strong customer relationship. The emergence of social media has provided customers with an opportunity to share their consumption experiences. Harrigan and Miles (2014) cite Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Google Plus, and LinkedIn as some of the common social mediums used by organisations in their CRM practices. Consequently, social media has become a critical source of product information that consumers are using. Raj et al. (2012) opine that negative product experiences shared on social media platforms might have a multiplier effect, hence affecting the organisation’s reputation adversely. This aspect might affect the organisation’s ability to generate sales revenue. GSK should have used its CRM practices in apologising to clients. In order to undertake CRM successfully, GSK should have integrated the International Organisation for Standardisation [ISO]. Some of the ISO standards that the organisation should have considered entail ISO 10002 and ISO 9001. Adopting ISO 9001 would have provided GSK with an effective framework for integration in managing diverse organisational processes. Thus, the firm would have ensured that its products meet the customers’ expectations, hence culminating in a high level of satisfaction (Nicklas, Schluter Winzer 2013). Conversely, ISO 10002 provides organisational managers with guidance on how to deal with customer complaints related to products. This goal is achieved through optimal product planning, designing, product improvement, and operation. Potential problems that might arise The above analysis illustrates the magnitude of the issue faced by GSK as substantially high. This assertion arises from the view that the reaction by the two 14-year old girls received global awareness, which affected GSK’s glo bal reputation adversely. However, implementing the above issues may improve the GSK’s capacity to prevent the occurrence of such incidences in the future. Some of the major problems that the firm might encounter in implementing the proposed issues are evaluated herein. Resistance Implementing the above issues means that the organisation will be required to undertake remarkable strategic changes. Thus, the firm’s management team should not rule out the possibility of resistance to change. Wittig (2012, p.23) accentuates that employees ‘resist change because it involves moving from the known to the unknown’. In this situation, GSK employees might resist the proposed strategic changes. For example, the process of implementing ISO standards might require the organisation to change the norm with reference to how its personnel handles and interacts with customers. Some employees might develop the perception that implementing the proposed changes will lead to a significant change in job characteristics. One of the perceptions that the employees might develop relates to an increase in the degree of job strain due to additional job demands (Choi 2011). Job strain increases the level of work-related stress. Such occurrences might stimulate employees not to support the strategic changes. Resistance to the proposed change might not only be limited to the lower levels of management, but also amongst the middle and top levels of management. This assertion arises from the fact that the middle and top levels of management would be required to oversee the implementation of the required changes (Shin, Taylor Seo 2012). Lack of teamwork The process of implementing the above strategic issues will depend on the contribution of all the internal stakeholders. Thus, successful change implementation will be influenced by the extent of organisational learning. Perez and Gutierrez (2013, p.245) define organisation learning as ‘a process of knowledge ac quisition, assimilation, and exploitation’. Therefore, it is imperative for the GSK’s management team to consider the concept of employee collaboration in order to derive the required synergy. One of the strategies that the organisation’s management team should consider entails teamwork. Lack of effective networking amongst the organisation’s employees will affect GSK employees’ ability to share ideas and information (Ulrich et al. 2013). Thus, its application to the organisation’s needs, which entail the application of ethical advertising and the adoption of a customer-focused approach in the organisation’s operation in order to minimise occurrence of complaints, will be affected adversely. The capacity to improve an organisation’s competitive advantage entails the understanding that is effectively applied to the already existing knowledge. Lack of vision and ineffective planning The effectiveness with which GSK implements the proposed issues will greatly depend on the extent to which the employees have developed a clear vision. Palmer (2015) asserts that successful implementation of change is determined by the degree to which all the directly affected stakeholders by the change have developed a ‘shared-need-for-change’. The majority of the organisational employees might not appreciate the significance of the proposed approaches in restoring the organisation’s global reputation. Such aspects highlight the existence of lack of clear vision. Moreover, the implementation of the issues identified will depend on the efficacy of the organisation in planning the implementation process. The organisation’s management team has an obligation to ensure that the vision is well articulated by all the internal stakeholders. Huyer (2014, p.19) asserts that a ‘well-articulated vision paints a visual picture of what it looks like when complete and it has a clearly set direction and purpose ’. Implication of the suggestions From the above analysis, it is evident that GSK could have avoided the occurrence of the negative publicity by implementing the proposed suggestions. However, the organisation’s management team can derive a number of lessons. First, by integrating ethical organisational practices, the organisation’s management team would have protected the firm’s corporate reputation. This assertion means that the firm would have improved its effectiveness in managing crises that arise from the external environment. Hearit (2008) cites reputation as a fundamental strategic resource in an organisation’s operation. Moreover, Hearit (2008, p.319) affirms that reputation ‘is valuable because it informs us about what products to purchase, what companies to work for, or what stocks to invest in’. This aspect means that investing in ethical practices will play a fundamental role in improving the GSK’s market position. Consequently, the organisation will evade the occurrence of human capital crisis. For example, the firm will be in a position to attract valuable job candidates from the global labour market because of the positive reputation. Additionally, the likelihood of the organisation optimising its performance, hence its competitive advantage will be improved substantially. Sohn and Lariscy (2012) accentuate that reputation is a rare resource that most organisations experience in their quest to develop a strong organisational culture. Providing truthful and material facts in the marketing communication process would have promoted the organisation’s ability to develop a strong customer base. This assertion arises from the view that customers would have been in a position to make optimal purchase decision. Consequently, the likelihood of the firm maximising its sales revenue will be improved considerably. Furthermore, integrating the concept of customer relationship management [CRM] wil l play a considerable role in improving its crisis communication. Through effective crisis communication, GSK will be in a position to gain insight on how to manage crisis due to the integration of collaborative communication between the organisation and its customers. Furthermore, CRM will enable the organisation to be proactive in identifying issues that might affect the organisation’s corporate reputation adversely. In addition to the above aspect, investing in CRM will improve the organisation’s capacity to undertake crisis management. For example, the firm will entrench different communication approaches such as impression management, image restoration, and apologia (Kim 2014). According to Riddell (2013), apologia entails a compelling and vigorous defence mechanism used in organisational management in order to restore corporate reputation. One of the elements in entrenching the concept of apologia includes admission of guilt. In this case study, GSK did not admit guilt for the inclusion of false information in its advert. Consequently, the complainants were forced to take extreme measures by raising the issue to third parties. Conclusion Marketing communication constitutes one of the essential elements in organisations’ quest to optimise their performance. However, in their marketing communication process, it is imperative for organisations’ management teams to recognise their capability of influencing the consumers’ purchase decisions. Thus, organisations have an obligation to give truthful and material facts of their products. This approach improves the consumers’ ability to make effective purchase decisions, hence attaining a high level of satisfaction. For example, customers base their product preference on product information offered through the marketing communication process. In this case, GSK erred in its market communication through the falsification of the product characteristics. Consequently, the firm ’s global reputation was affected adversely. Apart from the reputation impact, the organisation suffered remarkable legal implications. However, the organisation would have been in a position to avoid such situations by implementing effective strategic management practices. Amongst the issues that the organisation’s management team should consider include ethical practices and customer relationship management. The firm should ensure that all its operations adhere to ethical practices. Currently, consumers are increasingly becoming concerned with how ethical an organisation is in its operations. This trend is influencing the consumers’ product choice and preference. Therefore, it is imperative for organisations to ensure that they give truthful information. The adoption of ethical practices will culminate in the development of a strong level of customer loyalty. Moreover, the case study indicates the importance of integrating effective customer relationship manag ement in order to gain insight on diverse customer concerns. Thus, the organisation will be proactive in dealing with emergent issues. The case study further underscores the likelihood of challenges occurring in implementing the proposed suggestions. However, the firm should consider integrating effective leaders, planning, internal communication, and teamwork. These elements will improve the likelihood of the organisation transforming its global reputation successfully. Moreover, the organisation’s effectiveness in crisis management will improve considerably. Reference List Ang, L Buttle, F 2012, ‘Complaints-handling processes and organisational benefits; an ISO 10002-based investigation’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 28, no. 28, pp. 1011-1022. Bang, N, Sooyen, N Lyndon, S 2014, ‘The customer relationship management paradox; five steps to create a fairer organisation’, Social Business, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 207-230. Biegler, P 2013, ‘P lacebogenic potential is no reason to favours pharmaceutical advertising’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 123, no.8, pp. 145-155. Choi, M 2011, ‘Employees’ attitude towards organisational change; a literature review’, Human Resource Management, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 479-500. Cramphorn, S 2014, ‘The quest for persuasive advertising ‘, International Journal of Market Research, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 571-590. Gurhan-Canli, Z Batra, R 2004, ‘When corporate image affects product evaluations; the moderating role of perceived risk’, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 197-205. Harrigan, P Miles, M 2014, ‘From e-CRM to s-CRM; critical factors underpinning the social CRM activities of SMEs’, Small Enterprise Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 99-116. Hearit, K 2005, ‘Crisis management by apology’, Business Communication Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 261-270. Hur, W, Kim, H Woo, J 2004, ‘How CSR lead s to corporate brand equity; mediating mechanism of corporate brand credibility and reputation’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 75-86. Huyer, D 2014, ‘Leading change through vision; 4 strategies for implementing change’, Leadership Excellence, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 19-20. Jaques, T 2008, ‘When an icon stumbles- the Ribena issue mismanaged’, An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 394 406. Kim, S 2014, ‘What’s worse in times of product-harm crisis; negative corporate ability or negative CSR reputation’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 157-170. Koslow, S 2000, ‘Can the truth hurt? How honest and persuasive advertising can unintentionally lead to increased consumer scepticism’, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 245-268. Knox, G Oest, R 2014, ‘Customer complaints and recovery effectiveness; a customer base approach’, American Marketing Association, vol . 78, no. 23, pp. 42-57. Leticia, S, Rodolfo, V Ana, M 2011, ‘Analysis of the role of complaint management in the context of relationship management’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 27, no.1/2, pp. 143-164. Malhotra, N, Agarwal, J Ndibisi, N 2010, ‘What are your customers saying about you’, Marketing Research, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 20-25. Nicklas, J, Schluter, N Winzer, P 2013, ‘Integrating customers’ voice inside network environments’, Total Quality Management, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 980-990. Page, G Fearn, H 2005, ‘Corporate reputation; what do consumers care about’, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 3, no.2, pp. 305-313. Palmer, B 2015, ‘Making change work; a model for overcoming human resistance to change’, The Journal for Quality Participation, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 81-92. Perry, J, Cox, A Cox D 2013, ‘Direct-to-consumer drug advertisements and the informed patient; a legal, ethical and conten t analysis’, American Business Law Journal, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 729-778. Perez, V Gutierrez, L 2013, ‘External managerial networks, strategic flexibility and organisational learning; a comparative study among non-QM, ISO and TQM firms’, Total Quality Management, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 243-258. Raj, A, Kothandaraman, P, Kashyap, R Singh, R 2012, ‘Bringing social into sales; the impact of sales people’s social media use on service behaviours and value creation’, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 333-348. Reast, J, Palihawadana, D Shabbir, H 2008, ‘The ethical aspects of direct to consumer advertising of prescription drugs in the United Kingdom; physician versus consumer views’, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 450-464. 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Life of Frederick Douglass essays

Life of Frederick Douglass essays In this brief passage by Frederick Douglass, called Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he describes prime examples of a pure Machiavellian. Douglass gives us insight on Mrs. Hamilton, a slave owner, who just like Machiavelli explains in The Qualities of the Prince shows us what exactly Machiavelli was talking about. Mrs. Hamilton is cruel to her slaves in order to keep them loyal and is never peaceful during idle times in order to keep her slaves at her advantage. Douglasss encounters with Mrs. Hamilton again show us exactly how Machiavelli wanted a leader to control the people and with this Douglass shows us how Mrs. Hamilton being the leader, controls the slaves which are her subjects. When Frederick Douglass first introduces us to Mrs. Hamilton he gives us a well-developed visual on how she treated her slaves. Mrs. Hamilton would sit in the middle of the room in a large chair with a heavy cow skin by her side. She would then whip the slaves, as they would pass by her while she yelled at them, and called them names. Mrs. Hamilton would also call Mary pecked than by her name. I see this type of treatment as full Machiavellian from Mrs. Hamilton. Machiavelli in his work The Qualities of a Prince suggests to leader that they should be cruel to their subjects in order to keep them loyal. I sense that by what Mrs. Hamilton was doing to her slaves may be looked at from a different way than by just plain cruel. It shows to me that she was just keeping her slaves loyal to her by whipping them and calling them names. And this to me shows that she took an approach using a structured Machiavellian style. If Mrs. Hamilton did not exercise this type of treatment to her slaves they would probably feel that if they decided to escape for freedom to the North, Mrs. Hamilton would not have punished them for it and let them to free. Mrs. Hamilton also uses another one of Machiavellis suggestions. M ...

Benefits and Disadvantages of Saas Free Samples for Students

1.What is SaaS and outline its benefit and disadvantages. Explain your answer. 2.What business risks had Liberty Wines faced?. 3.What data and IT Problems were limiting FinCEN’s ability to Fight Financial Crime? 1.SaaS is the abbreviated form of Software as a Service is also known as a software which is on demand. In this software delivery model software and the information related to the same are stored in a centralised system and contacted with the help of a thin client which is generally a web browser via the internet such as Wikipedia. The said product is not required to be purchased and installed separately in a fix location (Clair, 2010). All it requires the user to pay a subscription fee and then pay as needed. The benefits offers by SaaS are as under: The disadvantages of using SaaS are as under: 2.Liberty Wines faced the biggest risk associated with the IT system which was installed in the organization since it was not of the latest version. The system was too outdated to cope up with the rising volume of data so much that the employees failed to reply to the customer queries on time. IT infrastructure of Liberty Wine had a negative impact on the petitive advantage of the pany. It is not being able to sustain the expanding business requirements therefore leading toa   loss of clientele. However, shifting of the pany’s IT system to virtualisation has benefited the pany in the many ways. The same is illustrated below: 3.FinCen was unable to fight financial crime successfully before 2008 as the IT system installed was outdated which did not have the capability to process huge volumes of data regarding the money laundering and terrorism at the right time. Usage of off-line system instead of an online system also was a cause for the delay in distribution of data to the required agencies and bureaus who could then take an action against the said crime. FinCen should upgrade its present IT system in vogue along with the analytical potentials. If it upgrades its system then the bureau will be able to process data well on time. For the same tey have even launched an App to support the real time availability of data of the past 11 years to the various users such as government officials and law enforcement agencies. Financial intelligence is dependent upon successful scrutinising of the data which would depict all kind of illegal activities clearly. The same is very crucial for the national security as well as these financial agencies help to find out if any kind of illegitimate work is being carried out in the country which could impact the safety and security of the people staying. There main aim is to find out if any danger is about to approach and if so make the country aware so that adequate steps to mitigate the same are taken (Lowers, 2015). Recently Ann Martin an associate of FinCen had detected the financial crime which was taking place between USA and Mexico where the latter was supplying drug pills in USA and the proceeds were being deposited in a local bank and wired back to USA. She analysed the big data set and found out the entire of such an act and informed the Mexican Government (Davidson, 2011). The same was possible because of the fact that FinCen had also upgraded its IT system well enough to help perform such analysis. Clair,G.S. (2010). Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Retrieved from https://smr-knowledge /wp-content/uploads/2010/01/EOS-SaaS-White-Paper-2008.pdf Davidson,J. (2011). Rewards of federal service. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost /politics/rewards-of-federal-service/2011/09/15/gIQAMoPcVK_story.html?utm_term=.8231a02babd0 Lowers,M. (2015). The role of FinCen in BSA/AML. Retrieved from https://www.lowersriskgroup /blog/2015/03/30/role-of-fincen-in-bsa-aml/ McLellan,C. (2013). SaaS: Pros, cons and leading vendors. Retrieved from https://www.zdnet /article/saas-pros-cons-and-leading-vendors/ Metzler,J. (2011). Virtualisation : Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.stotthoare .au/sites/default/files/files/1_16100_WhitePaper_VirtualizationBenefits_by_Webtorials.pdf Getting academic assistance from

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING & DESIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Residence discussion its pros and cons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Residence discussion its pros and cons - Essay Example Naturally, under any circumstances and in any situation children’s interests should be of primary concern. If the contact with one of the parents is lost, then future of the child is under the threat of problems and disadvantages. Divorce leads to separation and social dysfunction of the family; but it is not separation itself that is harmful for children; it is the way divorce is handled. The justice system of the United Kingdom is involuntarily daily involved into exclusions of such kind1. Exclusion of one parent makes the child think that the latter is bad; consequently he may think that a part of him is spoiled too. Thus the child’s self-esteem and self-assurance are damaged. These dreadful outcomes of divorces could have been changed by the judicial system if they had eliminated discrimination of one parent with regard to another. Child’s best interests wouldn’t be protected if he lived with one parent; fit biological parents have equal rights and pla y equal roles in the lives of their children. Child’s best interests are in active involvement in his life of both fit biological parents. The Government issued Children Act 1989 is considered to be an initial step in shared residence initiation2. In spite of the fact that many years passed after Children Act adoption, shared residence is still considered to be a novelty in the UK. USA and Canada have more loyal attitude to shared residence and this decision after divorce is considered to be an optimal one. The UK Government should care about the fact that children alienated from one of their parents suffer emotional discord and turbulence. When children have to make choice which parent to ‘prefer’, they feel great emotional stress and self-sacrifice. Therefore Equal Parenting Council approves of shared residence.

Information Graphics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Graphics - Assignment Example The term â€Å"graphics† is used for representations where the basic goal is art or entertainment; on the other hand the term â€Å"information graphics† is used for graphics with the purpose of visually present information (Wikiviz, 2007). â€Å"Normally, graphics are acknowledged as pictures. These pictures can be practical, cartoonish, places or stylized drawings of people, and objects. The photographs taken with a digital camera or scanned from print photos can also be considered as graphics† (Bear, 2009). â€Å"Graphics attract concentration to the material or direct concentration inside the material. With anticipation making use of the graphics in this mode will enhance the possibility that a viewer will keep in mind the material† (Skaalid, 1999). Visual information has the complicated job of enlightening the imperative spirit of a state of affairs devoid of unnecessary complication. The risk is over generalization will give up insight into the state of affairs. There is an active pressure between simplicity and insight which must be handled to meet the criteria as in excess of graphical data (Soellner, 2009). â€Å"Information graphics or info-graphics expose the hidden information or knowledge, elucidates the multifaceted as well as clarify the information or data that is difficult to understand† (Rajamanickam, 2007). Building visual demonstration of information is not straightforward conversion of what be able to be interpret to what be able to be observed. It involves sorting out the knowledge, data and information setting up associations, actuating outlines as well as instead of them in a way that facilitates a client of that data or information build significant information (Rajamanickam, 2007). In the consideration sparse world of nowadays, info-graphics are used by the communications and media businesses through storm. Since

Team Locomotive Charter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Team Locomotive Charter - Assignment Example All of us have different skills and interests. But we decided to use our skills and interests in a fruitful manner so that each and every member of our team may benefit from the skills of others. As a group, we have created the shared goals of inspiring each member to pursue excellence inside and outside of the classroom. We also hope to improve our ability to communicate effectively as a diverse unit. Since we are from different parts of the world our effective communication might be obstructed by the language barriers. But we know that more than 80% of the ideas are communicated through nonverbal means. So language barrier may not affect us much. In addition, we hope to broaden our cultural horizons while learning how to effectively work as a unit. Globalization has brought many changes in the business world and most of the major companies are operating internationally now in order to exploit the business potentials in other countries. Even the biggest companies like Microsoft, Apple etc are looking for every expansion opportunities in other countries. Such internationalization of business has raised the importance of a multicultural workforce in organizations at present. It is difficult for Microsoft or Apple to operate in a country like India or China with the help of the Americans alone. They need a blend of the diverse workforce including the Americans, Indians, and Chinese in order to sustain their business successfully in these countries. Diversity in our group will definitely help us to learn more about how to work in a multicultural team environment and these learning may help us in our future endeavors also. Without establishing expectations, our goals would be nearly impossible to accomplish. We set our expectations high. We expect each member to attend each meeting unless an emergency arises. We also expect each member to put forth 100% at all times.

Virgin Group Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Virgin Group Company - Essay Example The Virgin Group is considered to be one of the world’s Superbrands, receiving regular industry-generated rewards and accolades for establishment of a successful business model built on effective marketing promotion. Maintaining presence in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, this multi-national organization maintains significant brand recall and recognition worldwide that gives it many new market entry advantages for foreign direct investment. A Virgin Group Company, Virgin Galactic, was founded in 2004 under the premise of providing space tourism to consumers whilst also advancing aerospace knowledge through a business model that supports space-based research. Virgin Galactic is currently working under a multitude of partnerships with reputable agencies such as NASA to develop space-faring tourism vehicles slotted for launch in 2013. The company’s founder, Sir Richard Branson, is currently doling out millions of Pounds to license Virgin Galactic produ cts and services, attempting market entry in the United States for this revolutionary and innovative brand supported by Virgin Group superbrand status. This report highlights the impact of globalisation in this new market, the competitive advantages gained through this new business model, and provides a critical evaluation of market entry strategy developed by Virgin Group and Richard Branson. 2. The dynamics of Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is still in the development and construction phases in the space tourism industry. In 2009, Virgin Group contracted with Aabar Investments PJSC in the United Arab Emirates in which the company agreed to invest $280 million USD to assist in developing the space tourism industry (Space News 2009). Aabar Investments took a 32 percent ownership in Virgin Galactic, making them one of the largest venture capitalists supporting the Virgin brand. NASA, an American space organisation, also invested over 1.5 billion dollars to rent lab space in suborbit al vessels and for contract to resupply the International Space Station upon launch of Virgin Galactic’s service (Del Castillo 2012). The space tourism industry is an untapped market, an innovation from conception to actual impending launch. To facilitate all of the operational components necessary to achieve a viable space tourism business model, Virgin Galactic must invest considerable capital resources. This involves establishing a cost effective and efficient supply chain consisting of multiple vendors in multiple industries (e.g. technology, metallurgy, software support systems, etc.). Virgin Galactic is currently developing an entire fleet of space tourism vehicles, each vessel maintaining its own focus for research and development as well as consumer-centric tourism services. The United States represented the most viable market for entry due to the ease of distribution supported by a vast and well-developed distribution infrastructure in the country and the consumer in terest in space tourism as a potential lifestyle enhancement. To achieve the return on investment required on preliminary capital expenditures in the billions of dollars, Virgin Galactic had to identify a target market that would provide the best opportunity for revenue production upon launch of the tourism model. Figure 1: Ghemawat + AAA strategic framework applicable to Virgin Galactic Source: Ning, L. (2012). The most important

Information Graphics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Graphics - Assignment Example The term â€Å"graphics† is used for representations where the basic goal is art or entertainment; on the other hand the term â€Å"information graphics† is used for graphics with the purpose of visually present information (Wikiviz, 2007). â€Å"Normally, graphics are acknowledged as pictures. These pictures can be practical, cartoonish, places or stylized drawings of people, and objects. The photographs taken with a digital camera or scanned from print photos can also be considered as graphics† (Bear, 2009). â€Å"Graphics attract concentration to the material or direct concentration inside the material. With anticipation making use of the graphics in this mode will enhance the possibility that a viewer will keep in mind the material† (Skaalid, 1999). Visual information has the complicated job of enlightening the imperative spirit of a state of affairs devoid of unnecessary complication. The risk is over generalization will give up insight into the state of affairs. There is an active pressure between simplicity and insight which must be handled to meet the criteria as in excess of graphical data (Soellner, 2009). â€Å"Information graphics or info-graphics expose the hidden information or knowledge, elucidates the multifaceted as well as clarify the information or data that is difficult to understand† (Rajamanickam, 2007). Building visual demonstration of information is not straightforward conversion of what be able to be interpret to what be able to be observed. It involves sorting out the knowledge, data and information setting up associations, actuating outlines as well as instead of them in a way that facilitates a client of that data or information build significant information (Rajamanickam, 2007). In the consideration sparse world of nowadays, info-graphics are used by the communications and media businesses through storm. Since

Virgin Group Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Virgin Group Company - Essay Example The Virgin Group is considered to be one of the world’s Superbrands, receiving regular industry-generated rewards and accolades for establishment of a successful business model built on effective marketing promotion. Maintaining presence in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, this multi-national organization maintains significant brand recall and recognition worldwide that gives it many new market entry advantages for foreign direct investment. A Virgin Group Company, Virgin Galactic, was founded in 2004 under the premise of providing space tourism to consumers whilst also advancing aerospace knowledge through a business model that supports space-based research. Virgin Galactic is currently working under a multitude of partnerships with reputable agencies such as NASA to develop space-faring tourism vehicles slotted for launch in 2013. The company’s founder, Sir Richard Branson, is currently doling out millions of Pounds to license Virgin Galactic produ cts and services, attempting market entry in the United States for this revolutionary and innovative brand supported by Virgin Group superbrand status. This report highlights the impact of globalisation in this new market, the competitive advantages gained through this new business model, and provides a critical evaluation of market entry strategy developed by Virgin Group and Richard Branson. 2. The dynamics of Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is still in the development and construction phases in the space tourism industry. In 2009, Virgin Group contracted with Aabar Investments PJSC in the United Arab Emirates in which the company agreed to invest $280 million USD to assist in developing the space tourism industry (Space News 2009). Aabar Investments took a 32 percent ownership in Virgin Galactic, making them one of the largest venture capitalists supporting the Virgin brand. NASA, an American space organisation, also invested over 1.5 billion dollars to rent lab space in suborbit al vessels and for contract to resupply the International Space Station upon launch of Virgin Galactic’s service (Del Castillo 2012). The space tourism industry is an untapped market, an innovation from conception to actual impending launch. To facilitate all of the operational components necessary to achieve a viable space tourism business model, Virgin Galactic must invest considerable capital resources. This involves establishing a cost effective and efficient supply chain consisting of multiple vendors in multiple industries (e.g. technology, metallurgy, software support systems, etc.). Virgin Galactic is currently developing an entire fleet of space tourism vehicles, each vessel maintaining its own focus for research and development as well as consumer-centric tourism services. The United States represented the most viable market for entry due to the ease of distribution supported by a vast and well-developed distribution infrastructure in the country and the consumer in terest in space tourism as a potential lifestyle enhancement. To achieve the return on investment required on preliminary capital expenditures in the billions of dollars, Virgin Galactic had to identify a target market that would provide the best opportunity for revenue production upon launch of the tourism model. Figure 1: Ghemawat + AAA strategic framework applicable to Virgin Galactic Source: Ning, L. (2012). The most important

Mercer Mayer Essay Example for Free

Mercer Mayer Essay Mercer Mayer was born in 1943, and has been writing and illustrating children’s books for almost forty years. As a child Mayor moved all the country with his family, because his father was in the Navy. I believe that this was an influential factor in determining his success. His pictures are drawn without signifying any particular region, which helps children to create an emotional attachment to the story. Mayor’s family settled down in Hawaii when he was a thirteen years old. He had attended the Honolulu Academy of the Arts for a year when he realized that he wanted to illustrate children’s books. He tells, I always liked to draw, and one day I decided I had nothing to lose, so I made a lot of sketches and began to peddle them. Mayer did this against the advice of his professors who believed that he didn’t have enough talent to succeed at it. In 1964, he moved to New York in an attempt to find work as an illustrator. While He received art training from the Arts Students League. After being turned down countless times, he was given advice from a harsh art director, insisting that he throw away his entire portfolio, because it was so terrible. As difficult as this was for Mayer to hear, he eventually took the man’s advice. With an empty portfolio, Mayer began to draw things that he remembered from his childhood, and shortly after he was chosen to illustrate his first book. Mayer’s first solo book was published, in 1967, and it was well-received by critics. It was a wordless book called A Boy, a Dog, and His Frog, and it was the first in a series of five. Mayer is given credit as being one of the creators of the wordless picture book. He continued for a while as an illustrator only, and completed the illustrations for almost 80 books. It was later on when he felt comfortable enough to add his own text to the drawings. One aspect of his style of illustrating is that he always includes humorous objects in the background of his pictures. My favorite example of this is Professor Wormbog in Search for the Zipperump-a-Zoo. The Little Critter books have many characters that are present in the background of the story but never mentioned in the text (such as the frog, mouse, and the spider). Frogs actually appear in many of his books, from his wordless series to the Little Critter books. The lines he uses to draw his nature scenes are usually nongeometric curves that convey a harmonious and lifelike feeling. His work has also been recognized for the detailed texture it displays. In Shibumi and the Kitemaker, his use of value to draw extravagant backgrounds and faces that practically glow allows the pictures to seem realistic and three dimensional. In 1973, Mayer and his wife Marianne bought a farm in Connecticut. On the farm they were surrounded by many animals and nature, which significantly influenced his work. All of Mayer’s books feature some part of the outdoors and nature in them. His illustrations routinely feature large trees that are drawn in great detail. All of the characters in his Little Critter series are animals and the main character lives outside the big city in a wooded area. Mayer began publishing with Golden Press after his first divorce, with Marianne, in 1978. With Golden Press he started the Little Critter and the Little Monster series. Children are able to create powerful links between themselves and his books because of all of the familiar situations he writes about, like going to bed (Just Go to Bed), overcoming your fears (There are Monsters Everywhere), or dealing with the frustration of constantly being told what to do and what not to do (When I Get Bigger and I Was So Mad). Mayer married his second wife, Jo, in 1979, and they had two children together. Mayer started working from his home in Bridgewater, Connecticut, surrounded by his two young children. This situation was most likely brought about another major theme in his works, family. Some particular titles in the Little Critter series where he has adventures with only one of his family members are: Just Me and My Dad, Just Grandma and Me, Just Me and My Mom, Just Grandpa and Me, The New Baby, and Just Me and My Cousin. In the other books, Critter usually relies on his family members to help him do things like bake a cake for his teacher (The Best Teacher Ever) or help doing his science fair poster (Just a School Project). Mercer Mayer’s main characters are usually independent, strong willed, and a bit on the rebellious/wild side. His characters aren’t afraid to take action and overcome obstacles in order to do what they know is the right. In The Queen Who Loved to Dance, after the King made it illegal to sing and dance, the Queen had to stop doing those things she enjoyed the most because even a queen must obey the law. In Shibumi and the kitemaker, Princess Shibumi knew that she must give up the comfortable life she led in the palace in order to help the poor people of her city. In There’s a Nightmare in My Closet, the main character is a boy who is absolutely terrified of what might be lurking behind the closet door. One night he decides that it is time to face his nemesis. In full armor and weapon in hand, the boy attacks his monster and makes the poor thing cry. Even though the boy is mad, he understands what it is like to be afraid and decides to let the monster sleep in his bed with him. Mayer received the National Book Festival Artist of the Year award in 2007. Contrary to what his professors thought, Mayer’s illustrations are very popular with all audiences. Mayer currently lives in Roxbury, Connecticut with his third wife Gina, with whom he co-writes many of the popular Little Critter books. He continues to draw inspiration from his grandchildren, who as he says, â€Å"Always remind me what it was like. † I am a big fan of Mercer Mayer’s writing and illustrations. However, the display of gender stereotyping is definitely an unfortunate part of the content in many of Mayer’s picture books. In Mayer’s Little Critter series the mom is almost always shown in the kitchen, doing laundry, or cleaning the house, whereas his dad is rarely depicted in the house. My favorite book of Mayer’s is Just a Mess, because my room is always a disaster. I remember one particular occasion when I was frantically searching for my softball cleats before a Little League game and couldn’t find them anywhere. I have always struggled with what goes along with growing up like being neat and organized, sleeping without the closet light on, going to bed at a decent hour, not juggling eggs, and other un-fun stuff. My favorite quote of Mayer’s is â€Å"It’s real fun to be an old kid. †

Social development in India

Social development in India Introduction India has a population of 1.18 billion individuals which contribute to 17.31 percent of worlds population (Sarina, 2005). Indias electricity energy consumption is more than 145,000 Mega watts which accounts to not less than 3.5 per cent of the global energy consumption placing it at sixth position in global energy consumption. In attempts to meet energy needs various power plants generate energy as follows. Coal contributes 53 per cent, oil accounts for 31 per cent, hydroelectric power plants accounts for 6 percent while natural gas, nuclear and other renewable contribute 8 percent, 1 percent and 1 percent respectively. Supply for electricity energy in India has usually been outstripped by its demand on 7 to 11 percent mark.Indeed, only 40 to 44 percent of the total rural households access electricity. India imports an amazing 71 percent of its oil needs from Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Yemen, Kuwait and Iran among other countries totaling about 1.8million bb/d per annum. The country wil l be in demand of 400, 000 mega watts by 2020 and more than 950, 000 mega watts of power by 2030. The government of India has expressed its 2012 mission of power for all. The 2012 mission on power is expected to enhance achievement of 8 per cent growth in gross domestic product. Rural electrification in states of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttranchal among others is almost complete. With the aforementioned facts and cost implications regarding power inadequacy in India, there is dire need of the government exploring more energy sources. Among the less explored yet cheap source of energy is the bio gas energy (Khusro et al, 2005). Background on biogas energy According to Deublein Steinhauser (2008), biogas originates from biogenic materials where the gas generated through breakdown of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Biogas is a bio fuel. The first biogenic plant was built in 1859 in Bombay India. It was however in England that the biogenic plant was utilized in electricity generation that lit streets in Exeter. In India, the first biogas plant was established in the vicinity of Mumbai although the undertaking was a mere sewerage treatment project. The biogas plant in India may have started generating energy in 1897 although full experimentation occurred in the late 1930s. The said gas can be manufactured by use of anaerobic digesters that are fed with biodegradable wastes or energy crops like maize silage. During production of biogas, biomass waste material is transformed into methane. The energy is renewable and can be used in various forms of internal combustion engine such as heating and electricity. In fact biogas energy has a 60 percent potential thermal efficiency when used under appropriate aeration and equipment as compared to dung and wood that has 11 percent and 17 percent respectively. The perceived relative cheap cost of maintenance of the biogas plant has proved favorable to India poor villagers. Dissemination of bio gas plants Biogas plants have been put up in India since 1960s although the notable dissemination was realized in 1981 after the formation of national project on biogas development. This notable dissemination was probably a reflection of fuel-wood shortage in the country at the time. The government of India considers biogas technology as a tool to alleviate rural poverty and a stimulant rural development. The government through the relevant bodies has facilitated setting up of approximately two and a half million biogas plants across the country. However, large scale production of biogas technology is yet to be realized. According to Pachauri (2007), use of biogas for cooking only accounts for 3 and 2 percents for Indias urban and rural populations. The later is definitely an indication that biogas as an alternative fuel is poorly disseminated. Generally, dissemination of biogas technology is through system of concessions and subsidies despite the differences among states. There are also commun ity plants for biogas disseminations which have achieved considerable success levels. However, community plants face logistical challenges in their coordination as well as political feuds. Indeed, biogas programs may not meet the needs of the marginalized and poorest populations since technical requirements for establishment and maintenance of viable plants are inaccessible to them. Although the government assists in biogas plants establishments, its effect has not been felt in many poor homesteads. Challenges facing biogas production and use in India Only five percent of the total population utilizes biogas technology. The rate of success is higher among urban population. Higher levels of success are realized in urban places mainly because of two factors (Nijaguna, 2002). The first reason is that the urban population is more informed of the benefits of biogas technology as compared with other sources of energy. Second, poverty level is lower in urban set-ups as compared to rural areas. The initial capital for establishing a biogas plant and the associated dissemination is usually high for the poor rural populations. Failure of the biogas technology in utilizing its full potential in India is attributed to several factors. To start with, harsh climatic conditions that cause drought reduce availability of dung which is the most common raw material for biogas plant. Drought results to death and forced sale of cattle subsequently reducing dung availability. Second, biogas plants are faced with winter seasons which inhibit methanogene sis process which is responsible in biogas production. Third, many plants are shoddy constructed rendering them faulty and non-functional. Shoddy construction may be attributed to irresponsibility among government officers charged with overseeing construction of community biogas plants as well as other undertakings related to biogas plants establishment. In addition, many individuals lack the necessary expertise in construction and operation. This has led to eventual failure of biogas plants due to such mal practices such as construction of extensively large plants and subsequent underfeeding of the plant with dung. Furthermore, use of cattle in the fields poses a challenge to the collection of dung for biogas plants. Scope of bio gas India has approximately four hundred and ninety million livestock species comprising of buffalo, cattle, sheep and pig among others. In fact, livestock in India accounts for 53 percent in buffalo population and close to 16 percent of cattle population. Due to utilization of livestock for other purposes, only 35 percent of livestock are reared in a closet enabling dung collection. Ideally, dung deficiency may be supplemented with septic tanks. However the traditional arguments hinder utilization of human feaces in energy production. The raw materials have been used with an average forty seven percent efficiency in production of biogas energy. According to Khusro et al (2005), only half the numbers of constructed biogas plants are functional in producing maximum biogas energy possible. Indeed, in a sample of 1670 biogas plants, 1086 of them were disqualified under feasibility criteria. Types of bio gas plants Biogas has two major varieties classified according to the production process. The earliest biogas plant form was landfill gas (LPG). LPG is produced during decomposition of organic substances. The resultant products are methane gas, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Usually LPG is accidentally produced when biomass is deposited for disposal under normal circumstances. When venting of LPG is uncontrolled during decomposition of disposed biomass on land, re-cultivation of such a land site is hampered. The second biogas plant utilizes sewage sludge. The production process in sewage gas involves fermentation of sludge in septic tanks at temperatures between thirty two and thirty four (Deublein Steinhauser, 2008). The output from the later plant comprises of 55 percent methane, 35 percent carbon dioxide and negligible residue quantities. Sewage gas is purified and compressed if found to contain significant amounts of contaminants before use. Socio economic impacts of bio gas use With the increasing environmental concerns, bio gas plans help in reducing destruction of forests caused by over dependence of firewood as a source of energy. Furthermore, Biogas is a clean form of energy that reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment. Socially, biogas significantly reduces the burden of women who are usually charged with cooking among the Indian population. Furthermore, although the initial costs of biogas plant establishment are high, the operational and maintenance costs are significantly lower compared to other sources (Chandra, 2004). References Chandra, R. (2004). Social development in India. New Delhi, India: Gyan Publishing House Deublein, D. Steinhauser, A. (2008). Biogas and renewable resources. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley- VCH publisher. Khusro, A., Rao, C., Bhattacharya, B. Siddharthan, N. (2005). Indian economy and society. New Delhi India: Academic Foundation publishers. Nijaguna, B.(2002). Biogas technology. New Delhi, India: New Age international publishers Pachauri, S. (2007). Energy analysis in India. New Delhi, India: Springer publishers. Sarina, S. (2005). India. Melbourne, Australia: Lonely Planet publishers.